What Are Essential Oils and How Are They Obtained
Essential oils are natural extracts obtained from specific parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, bark, or roots, through processes like steam distillation or cold pressing. They are generally liquid and consist of highly complex and volatile chemical mixtures. This unique composition gives them a strong characteristic aroma, making them valuable not only in aromatherapy, but also in the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries.
In this article, we will explore what essential oils are used for, how to use them, their benefits and contraindications, and, most importantly, why they play such an interesting role in human health.
What Are Essential Oils Used For
In nature, essential oils are secondary metabolites that allow plants to:
- defend against pathogens and parasites;
- attract pollinators and animals that aid seed dispersal;
- communicate between individuals of the same species and among the plant’s organs;
- protect themselves from environmental stress, such as UV radiation;
- limit the growth of nearby plants through release into the soil or air.
In humans, these functions translate into potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory benefits, which are increasingly studied in the nutraceutical sector.
How to Use Essential Oils
Essential oils can be used in various ways, but it is important to do so safely:
- External use: Thanks to their pleasant aroma, essential oils are widely used in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality. They can be diffused in the environment using vaporizers or applied to the skin for massages and rubs. In this case, it is essential to dilute them in a carrier oil or cream, as using them undiluted may cause irritation.
- Internal use: Some essential oils can be used in nutraceutical formulations. When considering how to take essential oils, it is crucial to remember that they must always be included in appropriate formulations and never consumed pure. Highly concentrated, undiluted extracts can damage mucous membranes.
Benefits of Essential Oils for the Gut and Microbiota
Research has shown that certain essential oils can positively interact with the gut microbiota, helping to restore balance in dysbiosis and reduce local inflammation. These extracts offer a revolutionary approach, as their broad-spectrum natural antimicrobial activity acts through several mechanisms, such as:
- preventing the formation of essential structures;
- inhibiting biofilm formation;
- compromising the cell membrane.
Multiple studies confirm that some essential oils for gut health can help balance the microbiota and support dysbiosis management. Our research team has developed and patented a fiber-based adsorption technology that modulates the bioavailability of essential oils and promotes local intestinal activity. This approach allows essential oils to act directly on the mucosa and microbiota, improving digestive function and intestinal balance.
Specific Essential Oils and Their Properties
Palmarosa Essential Oil
Palmarosa essential oil (Cymbopogon martinii), if not properly formulated, is almost entirely absorbed in the intestinal tract. To maximize its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, we developed and patented a specific ginger fiber (Zingiber officinale) matrix that drastically reduces systemic absorption in favor of local action. It is used in formulations aimed at microbiota balance and reducing discomfort associated with dysbiosis. Learn more about BIOintestil®, our ingredient for intestinal wellness.
Cinnamon Essential Oil
Cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Our microbiota research identified it as an ideal candidate for activity against Candida spp. It demonstrates excellent antifungal effects, which are enhanced when combined with clove essential oil. From this discovery, we developed Clovedin®, our patented blend with active synergy for intestinal and vaginal microbiota balance. Notably, its antifungal activity does not affect Lactobacilli, which are key protective strains for female health.
Sweet Orange Essential Oil
Sweet orange essential oil (Citrus aurantium var. dulcis) is widely used in aromatherapy for its relaxing properties and is also a powerful natural antimicrobial. When administered in controlled-release formulations, it can positively modulate the gut microbiota and support energy metabolism.
In an in vivo study, sweet orange oil adsorbed on cocoa (Theobroma cacao) fiber increased satiety, improved fasting blood glucose levels, and reduced triglycerides. Based on these findings, we developed Limenorm®, our innovative ingredient designed to support energy metabolism and gut wellness.
Clove Essential Oil
Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum), rich in eugenol and β-caryophyllene, has strong antimicrobial, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. It is a versatile ingredient with excellent potential health benefits.
Its components can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it a candidate for formulations aimed at anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Combined with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), it led to Algistat®, an ingredient currently under study for its potential to support chronic low-grade inflammatory pain management. Click the banner to learn more about Algistat®.
Clove essential oil also has well-known antimicrobial properties, explored in our Eugedin Complex® research line. This innovative ingredient demonstrates powerful stimulation of autophagy, crucial for immune defense competence. Learn more about Eugedin Complex®, our spermidine titrated wheat germ (Triticum aestivum) and clove oil-based ingredient for immune support.
Contraindications and Safety
Essential oils are recognized as safe in food and cosmetic applications. However, some components can be irritating to mucous membranes if used improperly. It is always recommended to use natural, gastro-protected, and standardized essential oil formulations developed according to scientific evidence.
