{"id":3381,"date":"2026-06-15T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/?p=3381"},"modified":"2026-03-17T17:01:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T16:01:34","slug":"candida-causes-symptoms-and-effective-treatments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/en\/articles\/candida-causes-symptoms-and-effective-treatments\/","title":{"rendered":"Candida: Causes, Symptoms, and Management of Fungal Infections"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>In recent decades, we have seen a significant increase in the incidence of infections and diseases caused by mycoses. Among these, those caused by <strong>Candida<\/strong> are most prevalent in women, affecting between <strong>14% and 28% of those of childbearing age up to 50<\/strong>. These infections can be resolved quickly but may also become chronic. Learn more about the causes and how to manage the associated symptoms.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Candida?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The term Candida refers to a genus of <strong>Saccharomycetes<\/strong> fungi, comprising <strong>about 150 species<\/strong>. This genus has the unique characteristic of being able to take both a unicellular form (yeast) and a multicellular form (mould).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where is Candida found?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Candida<\/em> species are <strong>commensals<\/strong>, meaning they are part of our normal microbiota. They are found on the <strong>skin<\/strong>, <strong>mucous membranes<\/strong>, the <strong>gastrointestinal tract<\/strong>, and the <strong>vagina<\/strong> of both humans and animals. Up to <strong>80% of the population<\/strong> carries <em>Candida<\/em> colonies in these areas without experiencing any issues.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which species are potentially harmful?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Currently, 15 species are recognised as potentially pathogenic. Approximately <strong>90% of infections<\/strong> are caused by five species: <em>C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, <\/em>and <em>C. krusei<\/em>. In recent years, a new species has emerged, <em>Candida auris<\/em>, which poses a serious health threat due to its drug resistance and is closely monitored by health authorities.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What infections can Candida cause?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In recent decades, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased, and <strong>Candida infections<\/strong> (primarily <em>C. albicans<\/em>) are the <strong>most frequent<\/strong>. Infections typically affect the <strong>skin<\/strong>, <strong>mucous membranes<\/strong>, and <strong>nails<\/strong> (onychomycosis). The most affected areas are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>Warm, moist areas of the skin<\/strong> (armpits, groin, diaper rash in infants).<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Oral mucosa<\/strong> (thrush).<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Vulvar\/vaginal mucosa<\/strong> (vulvovaginitis).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul><\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>These infections cause local inflammation, often associated with intense discomfort.<\/p>\r\n<p><br \/>Decidedly rarer, but more fearsome, are <strong>systemic infections<\/strong>. The term &#8216;systemic infection&#8217; refers to a condition in which an infection spreads through the body, involving multiple organs and systems. Since most fungi grow best at 20-30\u00b0C, mammals, with an internal temperature above 37\u00b0C, are naturally resistant to systemic fungal diseases. However, <strong>Candida is one of the very few fungal genera capable of growing at 37\u00b0C<\/strong>. Systemic Candida infections primarily affect individuals with weakened immune systems and cause significant complications.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Candida and the Gastrointestinal Tract<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Species of the Candida genus are <strong>common members of the human gut microbiota<\/strong>. In fact, it is estimated that they are <strong>present in 40-60% of the general population<\/strong>. They can exist as transient or permanent colonisers in the oral cavity and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.<br \/><strong>Gastrointestinal colonisation<\/strong> is noteworthy because <strong>Candida infections often derive from commensal organisms<\/strong>. Indeed, in most cases of candidemia (presence of Candida in the blood) and vulvovaginitis caused by <em>C. albicans<\/em>, the strain identified in the blood or genitourinary tract matches the one identified in the rectal swab.<br \/>High levels of Candida colonisation have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases. Two examples are <strong>inflammatory bowel diseases<\/strong> and <strong>colorectal cancer<\/strong>, where an overgrowth of Candida species (especially <em>C. albicans<\/em>) has been consistently observed.<\/p>\r\n<p><br \/>All current studies agree that <strong>inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract promotes Candida colonisation<\/strong>. In turn, its <strong>overproliferation hinders the healing of inflammatory lesions<\/strong>. This creates a <strong>vicious cycle<\/strong> that leads to worsening inflammation and can also induce extra-gastrointestinal inflammation.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Candida and vulvovaginitis<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida that affects women of reproductive age and represents about <strong>15-25% of vaginitis cases<\/strong>. Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis include: vaginal itching or pain, pain during sexual intercourse and during urination, and abnormal vaginal discharge.<\/p>\r\n<p>These microorganisms usually remain hosted <strong>on the surface of the vaginal mucosa<\/strong> as colonizers. However, under appropriate conditions, their <strong>growth rate increases<\/strong>, and <strong>fungal cells penetrate the mucosa<\/strong>. This causes a <strong>response from our immune system<\/strong>. Although most cases of vaginal candidiasis are mild, some women may develop severe infections. <strong><em>C. albicans<\/em> causes 85% to 95% of all vulvovaginal candidiasis<\/strong>. However, infections caused by other species, such as <em>C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, <\/em>and<em> C. kefyr<\/em>, are on the rise.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis<\/strong> is defined as <strong>four or more episodes of symptomatic infection within a year<\/strong>. It is usually due to a <strong>relapse<\/strong> or <strong>reinfection<\/strong>, which primarily derives <strong>from the gastrointestinal tract<\/strong>. The estimated probability of suffering from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis by the age of 50 ranges from 14 to 28%.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":2731,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/candida-infografica-ENG.png\" alt=\"candida infografica ENG\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/candida-infografica-ENG.png 600w, https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/candida-infografica-ENG-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/candida-infografica-ENG-480x400.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><br \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fig. 1 &#8211; Candida in numbers<\/em><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>How is Candidiasis treated?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Fungal infections are commonly treated with <strong>antifungal drugs<\/strong>, mainly <strong>azoles<\/strong> and <strong>polyenes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Azoles<\/strong> prevent the production of an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. Fungal cells are not killed, but their proliferation is inhibited; they are therefore defined as <strong>fungistatic<\/strong>. This class includes <strong>fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, <\/strong>and<strong> miconazole<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Polyenes<\/strong> create channels in the fungal cell membrane, causing it to rupture. They have direct <strong>fungicidal activity<\/strong>, meaning they are capable of killing fungi. <strong>Amphotericin B<\/strong> and <strong>nystatin<\/strong> belong to this class.<\/p>\r\n<p>However, these drugs are often associated with <strong>side effects<\/strong>, and the prevalence of <strong>drug-resistant strains<\/strong> is increasing. Therefore, the treatment of fungal infections is still a <strong>clinical challenge<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Can recurrent vaginal candidiasis be prevented?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>To prevent candidiasis, we can take some precautions:<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list -->\r\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\r\n<li>Have <strong>scrupulous but gentle personal hygiene<\/strong>, so as not to alter the balance of the skin and mucous membranes.<\/li>\r\n<li>Wear <strong>cotton underwear<\/strong> and avoid synthetic or too tight clothing. This is because they prevent normal skin transpiration and favor the growth of Candida.<\/li>\r\n<li>Pay attention to <strong>nutrition<\/strong>. Candida feeds on sugars, so it is recommended to drastically reduce certain foods. In particular those containing refined sugars, such as sweets and sugary drinks, and leavened foods, such as bread, focaccia, pizza. Fruit, preferably low in sugar, whole grains, and yogurts rich in lactic ferments are instead recommended.<\/li>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item \/-->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item \/--><\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>Please note: consult your doctor or nutritionist before changing your diet!!!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Natural principles<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>With the global increase in drug resistance, much of scientific research is aimed at evaluating the <strong>antimicrobial effects of natural principles<\/strong>. In particular, extracts, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/en\/articles\/essential-oils\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>essential oils<\/strong><\/a>, and compounds derived from them have been tested. Several plant species have shown effective activity against Candida <em>in vitro<\/em>. Some examples are <strong>peppermint<\/strong> (<em>Mentha x piperita<\/em>), <strong>thyme<\/strong> (<em>Thymus vulgaris<\/em>), <strong>eucalyptus<\/strong> (<em>Eucalyptus globulus<\/em>), <strong>lemongrass oil<\/strong> (<em>Cymbopogon<\/em> spp.), <strong>ginger oil<\/strong> (<em>Zingiber officinale<\/em> Roscoe), and <strong>coriander<\/strong> (<em>Coriandrum sativum<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Our research<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35052950\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>study conducted by our group of researchers<\/strong><\/a> evaluated the antifungal activity on three different species of Candida (<em>C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae<\/em>) of five components present in different essential oils:<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list -->\r\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\r\n<li><strong>Cinnamaldehyde<\/strong>, present mainly in cinnamon essential oil (<em>Cinnamomum cassia<\/em>);<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>\u03b1-pinene<\/strong>, present in pine (<em>Pinus<\/em> spp.) and rosemary (<em>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/em> L.) essential oils;<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>D-limonene<\/strong>, present in lemon, mandarin, orange, grapefruit, and bergamot (<em>Citrus<\/em> spp.) essential oils;<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Eucalyptol<\/strong>, present in mugwort (<em>Artemisia officinalis<\/em>), eucalyptus, and sage (<em>Salvia officinalis<\/em>) essential oils;<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Eugenol<\/strong>, present mainly in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/en\/articles\/clove-essential-oil-benefits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clove essential oil<\/a> (Syzygium aromaticum).<\/li>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>All the active principles listed above are classified as &#8220;safe&#8221; and can therefore be used as ingredients in food supplements in appropriate dosages.<br \/>The <strong>best results<\/strong> were obtained <strong>with eugenol and cinnamaldehyde<\/strong>, which killed Candida cells even at low concentrations and in very short times (within 1 hour for eugenol, within 4 hours for cinnamaldehyde).<br \/>Another encouraging result obtained from in vitro assays was the <strong>absence of an antibacterial effect<\/strong> (at the concentrations active against Candida) of these compounds toward<em> Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/em>. <em>L. acidophilus<\/em> is the main component (90%) of the <strong>vaginal D\u00f6derlein complex<\/strong>, which forms a protective biofilm on the mucosa and inhibits the excessive growth of other microorganisms. <em>L. acidophilus<\/em> is also part of our normal intestinal microbiota, where it plays an important role in many aspects of our health.<\/p>\r\n<p><br \/>Discover more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tgd.care\/en\/raw_materials\/clovedin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Clovedin\u00ae<\/strong><\/a>, our ingredient based on cinnamon and clove essential oils, with the addition of Vitamin A. The best support to help you find relief from the bothersome symptoms of candidiasis.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph \/-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In recent decades, we have seen a significant increase in the incidence of infections and diseases caused by mycoses. Among these, those caused by Candida are most prevalent in women, affecting between 14% and 28% of those of childbearing age up to 50. These infections can be resolved quickly but may also become chronic. Learn&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1304,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-womens-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Candida: Cause, Sintomi e Trattamenti Efficaci<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scopri quali sono i principali sintomi e le cause della candida. 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